Jiangxi Copper Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang330096,China
Citations
Yu Jin,Li An,Tu Yu,Gao Yang,Zhang Ning,Li Bingrong,Wang Quanyong. Preparation and performance research of high-strength anti-corrosion composite plates using copper tailings[J]. Copper Engineering,2026(4):49-56.
Abstract
In order to explore new pathways for large-scale and value-added utilization of copper tailings, this study utilized copper tailings to prepare anti-corrosion composite plates. Chemical composition, particle size and phase structure of copper tailings were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), laser particle size analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Influence of copper tailings addition on bending strength, compressive strength, density, water absorption, and corrosion resistance of anti-corrosion composite plates was investigated. Results indicated that the maximum incorporation level of copper tailings was 30%. At this point, mechanical properties or corrosion resistance of anti-corrosion composite plates did not show a significant decrease, meeting anti-corrosion and load-bearing requirements for floors in hydrometallurgical workshops. This demonstrated the feasibility of using copper tailings to prepare anti-corrosion composite plates, providing a new idea for large-scale and value-added consumption and utilization of copper tailings.
Keywords
copper tailing;comprehensive utilization of resource;anti-corrosion composite plate;mechanical property;corrosion resistance;
铜作为现代工业的重要原料,被广泛应用于机械制造、电力工程、建筑工业、国防军工等领域[ 张宏泉,李琦缘,文进,等. 铜尾矿资源的利用现状及展望[J]. 现代矿业,2017,33(1):127-131. 1]。近年来,我国铜产业迅猛发展,市场需求日益增大,铜矿开采规模逐年递增,同时也产生了大量的铜尾矿[ Lam E J,Gálvez M E,Cánovas M,et al. Evaluation of metal mobility from copper mine tailings in northern Chile[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(12):11901-11915. 2]。据统计,我国每年新产生铜尾矿达3亿吨以上,存量可达几十亿吨,但利用率较低[ 耿碧瑶,贺茂坤,张敬,等. 基于露天坑尾砂胶结回填治理的充填料浆配比实验研究[J]. 铜业工程,2024(4):97-104. 3]。其中,大部分铜尾矿堆存于尾矿库,不仅占用大量土地、耗资巨大,而且污染严重,同时存在着溃坝风险[ 张一丁,蔡晓光,黄鑫,等. 某尾矿坝动力抗震分析[J]. 铜业工程,2024(5):154-160. 4]。因此,对铜尾矿进行综合利用,减少尾矿排放,避免或减轻环境污染,消除安全隐患,实现资源开发与环境保护协调发展,意义重大[ 郭万进,吴明海,王阳,等. 我国铜矿尾矿资源化利用技术现状及进展[J]. 矿产综合利用,2023,44(5):127-134. 5]。
铜尾矿主要成分包括SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、CaO、Fe2O3等,矿物组成主要为石英、云母、长石等,其中石英含量通常在50%以上,因此铜尾矿可代替砂石用于制备人造石等建材[ Xu R S,Tong H,Kong F H,et al. Potential of copper tailings as supplementary siliceous materials in the preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete[J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2024,98:111250. 10]。肖俊杰等[ 肖俊杰. 钨尾矿/高分子耦合固化制备人造石与性能强化[D]. 赣州:江西理工大学,2022. 11]将尾矿用于制备有机人造石,以不饱和聚酯树脂为胶凝材料,制备的人造石性能达到《建筑装饰用人造石英石板》(JG/T 463—2014)行业标准。吴琛等[ 吴琛,赵宝军,曾正祥,等. 利用铜陵尾矿料制备无机人造石装饰材料的研究[J]. 中国建材科技,2021,30(1):44-47. 12]将铜尾矿用于制备无机人造石,以水泥为胶凝材料,制备的无机人造石板材性能满足《建筑装饰用水磨石》(JC/T 507—2012)要求。防腐复合板也属于一种人造石板材,使用的胶凝材料为具有优良耐腐蚀性能的乙烯基树脂。以铜尾矿替代石英砂、石英粉,用于制备防腐复合板,为铜尾矿的规模化、高值化利用提供了新思路,同时可降低防腐复合板的原料成本。
图12(a,b)显示,含铜尾矿40%的板材由于密实度较差,在酸浸前表面可见细孔,酸浸后孔洞增多,板材整体泛黄绿色,这可能是所添加铜尾矿中,部分黄铁矿相组分被盐酸腐蚀,生成黄绿色的铁盐所致[ Bryson L J,Crundwell F K. The anodic dissolution of pyrite (FeS2) in hydrochloric acid solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2014,143:42-53. 20]。相对应地,通过分析图12(c,d)可知,铜尾矿添加量为40%的板材在酸浸前的SEM图中已出现部分孔洞,而在酸浸后的SEM图中,孔洞的数量变多,孔径变大,说明该板材已被37%盐酸溶液腐蚀。因此,为了保证板材的防腐性能,铜尾矿添加量应控制在30%及以下。
LamE J,GálvezM E,CánovasM,et al. Evaluation of metal mobility from copper mine tailings in northern Chile[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(12):11901-11915.
XuR S,TongH,KongF H,et al. Potential of copper tailings as supplementary siliceous materials in the preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete[J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2024,98:111250.