Abstract:This study focused on a typical chromium-contaminated site in a high-altitude plateau region, employing a combination of empirical judgment and systematic site selection principles for sampling. A total of 104 soil sampling points were established, covering surface, intermediate, and deep soil layers. Analysis was conducted on these samples for six elements: total-Cr, Cr(Ⅵ), Fe(II), Fe(III), SO42-, and Ca. The results indicated elevated levels of calcium, iron, and chromium at the site, likely influenced by prior chemical remediation efforts, suggesting significant anthropogenic impact. The particular concern was the presence of Cr(Ⅵ), with an average concentration reaching 12.88 mg/kg and exhibiting high dispersion, posing a notable risk of pollutant migration. Combining the "Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land" (GB36600—2018), further assessment was conducted regarding hazard identification, exposure, toxicity evaluation, and risk characterization. Soil risk control values were calculated and analyzed for carcinogenic effects via inhalation of soil particles, non-carcinogenic effects via oral ingestion of soil, and non-carcinogenic effects via inhalation of soil particles. The analysis indicated that significantly reducing Cr(Ⅵ) levels to 5.72 mg/kg in the area could effectively mitigate health risks to human populations.