Abstract:Fenton oxidation represents a pivotal technology in the domain of water treatment, demonstrating efficacy in the removal of pollutants such as COD, suspended solids, and heavy metals. However, the low solubility of iron ions (2.8 × 10^-39) utilised as conventional Fenton oxidation catalysts precipitates at pH levels exceeding 3.0. This phenomenon results in the formation of iron-rich sediment, thereby diminishing the efficacy of the hydrogen peroxide reaction. To enhance Fenton oxidation efficiency, the pH of the wastewater may need to be adjusted to 2.5-3.0, necessitating the use of additional alkaline substances in the subsequent stages to meet the pH requirements for external drainage. This approach, however, is associated with increased costs and management and safety challenges. The present review focuses on the potential application of polymer hydrogels as novel Fenton catalysts and discusses the progress and challenges they face in environmental remediation. The heterogeneous Fenton method and its significance in wastewater treatment are systematically introduced. The article provides a detailed analysis of research on polymer-supported heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, including key components such as iron oxide, copper complexes/nanoparticles, and ruthenium. The synthesis methods for high-density metal doping are examined in detail, and the effects of operational parameters, such as catalyst dosage, pollutant concentration, and pH value, on process efficiency are thoroughly examined. By highlighting the latest advancements in heterogeneous Fenton oxidation catalysts, the article underscores significant achievements in the design and practical application of new Fenton oxidation catalysts. The article also offers key recommendations for improving the stability and reusability of these catalysts, providing a roadmap for future development in this area.